What is the primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

The primary function of mRNA (messenger RNA) in protein synthesis is to carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. This process begins when mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template during transcription. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA encodes instructions for the specific order of amino acids that will make up a protein.

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in sets of three nucleotides, known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal in the protein assembly process. By serving as the intermediary that conveys genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, mRNA plays a crucial role in ensuring that proteins are synthesized according to the genetic blueprint inherent in an organism's DNA.

This definition excludes other functions such as providing energy for cellular processes, transporting amino acids, or catalyzing the formation of proteins, which are performed by different molecules or cellular components.