What conditions are caused by Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that is a significant factor in the development of peptic ulcers, which are sores that can form on the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. These bacteria can thrive in the acidic environment of the stomach and are known to disrupt the mucous layer that protects the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation.

In addition to peptic ulcers, Helicobacter pylori infection is also linked to the development of gastric cancer. The chronic inflammation caused by the infection increases the risk of changes to the stomach lining that can lead to malignancy over time. Specifically, the interaction between the host's immune response and the bacterial factors can result in the cellular changes associated with cancer.

Other conditions listed, such as diabetes, asthma, and thyroid issues, are not directly caused by Helicobacter pylori, which is why the association of this bacterium with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer is particularly significant in understanding its clinical impact. Thus, the correct response highlights the specific gastrointestinal conditions exacerbated by this pathogen.