What is the process of copying DNA prior to cell division called?

The process of copying DNA prior to cell division is called replication. During replication, the double helix structure of DNA unwinds and separates into two strands. Each strand serves as a template for creating a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. This is crucial for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.

Transcription refers to the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, which occurs during gene expression but is not directly involved in DNA copying. Translation involves the synthesis of proteins from mRNA, which is the next step after transcription. Recombination involves the rearrangement of genetic material but does not pertain to the copying of DNA before cell division. Understanding these distinctions highlights why replication is the correct answer, as it specifically addresses the duplication of DNA necessary for cell division.