When a bacterial cell divides, what does each daughter cell receive?

When a bacterial cell divides, each daughter cell receives a complete chromosome along with additional genomic material. In bacteria, which typically possess a single circular chromosome, the process of cell division involves replication of this chromosome. The entire chromosome is duplicated before the cell divides, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete copy of the genetic information necessary for survival and function.

Along with the chromosome, bacteria may also carry plasmids—small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. These plasmids can contain genes that confer advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance, to the bacteria. As a result, during division, it's not just the chromosome that is passed on. Thus, each daughter cell is equipped with all the genetic material necessary to function and thrive in its environment.

The other options do not accurately portray what happens during bacterial division. For instance, receiving only a portion of the genome or half of the original chromosome would imply incomplete genetic material, which would compromise the functionality of the daughter cells. In contrast, receiving no genetic material at all contradicts the very nature of cell division, where the primary purpose is to ensure that genetic information is passed on to the next generation of cells.