Which term refers to metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy?

The term that refers to metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy, is catabolism. Catabolism encompasses the processes where large, complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, are broken down into smaller units. This breakdown releases energy, which is then captured in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or other energy carriers, making it available for the cell's biological functions.

In contrast, anabolism is the aspect of metabolism that focuses on building up larger molecules from smaller ones, which typically requires energy input. Metabolism itself is a broad term that includes both catabolic and anabolic processes, encompassing all chemical reactions within the body. Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism, not specifically related to the breakdown of molecules. Thus, catabolism specifically highlights the energy-releasing pathways of metabolism.